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Canadian Citizenship Test questions and answers
There are 410 practice questions here, each with its correct answer and an explanation, written from Discover Canada. The real Canadian Citizenship Test is 20 questions in 45 minutes and you need 15 correct to pass. Reading is free and needs no account.
You will learn more by taking a timed test than by reading answers.
51.What share of Aboriginal people are First Nations?
- AAbout 50%
- BAbout 30%
- CAbout 4%
- DAbout 65%
About 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations, 30% are Métis and 4% are Inuit. (First Nations, Inuit and Métis)
52.What share of Aboriginal people are Inuit?
- AAbout 65%
- BAbout 30%
- CAbout 4%
- DAbout 15%
About 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations, 30% are Métis and 4% are Inuit. (First Nations, Inuit and Métis)
53.What are Canada’s two official languages?
- AEnglish and French
- BEnglish and Inuktitut
- CFrench and Michif
- DEnglish and Spanish
English and French are the official languages of Canada. (English, French and the Acadians)
54.Which is the only officially bilingual province?
- AManitoba
- BOntario
- CQuebec
- DNew Brunswick
New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province. (English, French and the Acadians)
55.Roughly how many Anglophones are there in Canada?
- A7 million
- B1 million
- C18 million
- D34 million
There are 18 million Anglophones, people who speak English as a first language. (English, French and the Acadians)
56.Roughly how many Francophones are there in Canada?
- AEighteen million
- BOne million
- CSeven million
- DThirty-four million
There are seven million Francophones, people who speak French as their first language. (English, French and the Acadians)
57.Who are the Acadians?
- AFrench settlers who founded Québec City under Champlain
- BLoyalists who fled north during the American Revolution
- CFrancophones living in Manitoba and northern Ontario
- DDescendants of French colonists who settled the Maritimes from 1604
The Acadians are the descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604. (English, French and the Acadians)
58.What is the deportation of the Acadians known as?
- AThe Underground Railroad
- BThe Quiet Revolution
- CThe Great Migration
- DThe Great Upheaval
The deportation of the Acadians is known as the Great Upheaval. (English, French and the Acadians)
59.In which years were more than two-thirds of the Acadians deported?
- A1604 to 1610
- B1812 to 1814
- C1837 to 1838
- D1755 to 1763
Between 1755 and 1763 more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported from their homeland. (English, French and the Acadians)
60.What is the federal government required by law to provide in both official languages?
- APrivate-sector employment contracts
- BMunicipal by-laws
- CProvincial school curricula
- DServices throughout Canada
The federal government is required by law to provide services throughout Canada in English and French. (English, French and the Acadians)
61.What did the House of Commons recognise in 2006?
- AThat Quebec may leave Canada by referendum
- BThat Quebec is a sovereign state
- CThat the Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada
- DThat French is Quebec’s only official language
The House of Commons recognized in 2006 that the Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada. (Quebec, diversity and religion)
62.How many French settlers are most Quebecers descended from?
- A85,000
- B850
- C8,500
- D40,000
Most Quebecers are descendants of 8,500 French settlers from the 1600s and 1700s. (Quebec, diversity and religion)
63.Since the 1970s, where have most immigrants to Canada come from?
- AAsian countries
- BSouth American countries
- CAfrican countries
- DEuropean countries
Since the 1970s most immigrants have come from Asian countries. (Quebec, diversity and religion)
64.What is the largest religious affiliation in Canada?
- ACatholic
- BJewish
- CMuslim
- DAnglican
The great majority of Canadians identify as Christians, and the largest religious affiliation is Catholic. (Quebec, diversity and religion)
65.What protection do gay and lesbian Canadians have under the law?
- AProtection in employment matters but not elsewhere
- BFull protection and equal treatment, including access to civil marriage
- CNo protection specific to them under Canadian law
- DProtection that varies from province to province
Gay and lesbian Canadians enjoy the full protection of and equal treatment under the law, including access to civil marriage. (Quebec, diversity and religion)
66.Why is Canada often called a land of immigrants?
- AImmigration to Canada is unrestricted by law
- BMost Canadians alive today were born outside Canada
- CThe country has almost no native-born population
- DMillions of newcomers have helped build the country over the past 200 years
Canada is often referred to as a land of immigrants because millions of newcomers have arrived over the past 200 years. (Quebec, diversity and religion)
67.Who was the first to map Canada’s Atlantic shore?
- AJacques Cartier
- BSamuel de Champlain
- CMartin Frobisher
- DJohn Cabot
John Cabot was the first to draw a map of Canada's East Coast. (The first Europeans)
68.In which year did John Cabot reach Canada’s east coast?
- A1497
- B1610
- C1604
- D1534
European exploration began in earnest in 1497 with the expedition of John Cabot. (The first Europeans)
69.Which explorer claimed land for King Francis I of France?
- AJohn Cabot
- BCount Frontenac
- CPierre de Monts
- DJacques Cartier
Between 1534 and 1542 Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France. (The first Europeans)
70.What does the Iroquoian word kanata mean?
- AThe people
- BOur land
- CVillage
- DGreat river
Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning village. (The first Europeans)
71.By when had the name Canada begun appearing on maps?
- ABy the 1660s
- BBy the 1750s
- CBy the 1490s
- DBy the 1550s
By the 1550s the name of Canada began appearing on maps. (The first Europeans)
72.Which Viking site in Canada is a World Heritage site?
- AL’Anse aux Meadows
- BFort Garry
- CSt. Croix Island
- DPort-Royal
The remains of the Viking settlement at l'Anse aux Meadows are a World Heritage site. (The first Europeans)
73.Who was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence River?
- AJacques Cartier
- BSamuel de Champlain
- CLouis Riel
- DJohn Cabot
Jacques Cartier was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence River and to set eyes on present-day Québec City and Montreal. (The first Europeans)
74.When did English settlement in Canada begin?
- AIn 1867
- BIn 1534
- CIn 1610
- DIn 1497
English settlement did not begin until 1610. (The first Europeans)
75.Who founded the first European settlement north of Florida?
- ACount Frontenac and Bishop Laval
- BPierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain
- CJean Talon and Sir Guy Carleton
- DJohn Cabot and Jacques Cartier
In 1604 the first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain. (Royal New France)
76.In which year was the first European settlement north of Florida established?
- A1701
- B1604
- C1497
- D1608
In 1604 the first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain. (Royal New France)
77.Where did Champlain build a fortress in 1608?
- AAt Port-Royal in Acadia
- BAt Fort Garry
- CAt St. Croix Island
- DAt what is now Québec City
In 1608 Champlain built a fortress at what is now Québec City. (Royal New France)
78.What drove the fur-trade economy?
- ADemand for beaver pelts in Europe
- BDemand for timber in Britain
- CThe search for a northwest passage
- DDemand for cod in Europe
The fur-trade economy was driven by the demand for beaver pelts in Europe. (Royal New France)
79.Which peoples did Champlain ally the colony with?
- AThe Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron
- BThe Inuit and the Métis
- CThe Cree and the Dene
- DThe Iroquois and the Sioux
Champlain allied the colony with the Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron. (Royal New France)
80.In which year did the French and the Iroquois make peace?
- A1608
- B1701
- C1604
- D1763
The French and the Iroquois made peace in 1701. (Royal New France)
81.How far did the French Empire in North America reach?
- AFrom Newfoundland to the Great Lakes
- BFrom Quebec to the Pacific Ocean
- CFrom Acadia to the Prairies
- DFrom Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico
Jean Talon, Bishop Laval and Count Frontenac built a French Empire in North America that reached from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. (Royal New France)
82.Which company was granted exclusive trading rights in 1670?
- AThe North West Company
- BThe Canadian Pacific Railway
- CThe Hudson’s Bay Company
- DThe East India Company
In 1670 King Charles II of England granted the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay. (The struggle for a continent)
83.Which king granted the Hudson’s Bay Company its charter?
- AKing George V
- BKing George III
- CKing Francis I
- DKing Charles II
In 1670 King Charles II of England granted the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay. (The struggle for a continent)
84.What were the canoemen of the fur trade called?
- AMétis and Michif
- BLoyalists and Patriotes
- CHabitants and Canadiens
- DVoyageurs and coureurs des bois
The men of the fur trade who travelled by canoe were called voyageurs and coureurs des bois. (The struggle for a continent)
85.Which 1759 battle marked the end of France’s empire in America?
- AThe Battle of Châteauguay
- BThe Battle of Queenston Heights
- CThe Battle of Vimy Ridge
- DThe Battle of the Plains of Abraham
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham marked the end of France's empire in America. (The struggle for a continent)
86.What happened to the commanders of both armies at the Plains of Abraham?
- AWolfe was captured and Montcalm escaped
- BBoth were recalled to Europe
- CBoth survived and signed a treaty
- DBoth were killed leading their troops
The commanders of both armies at the Plains of Abraham, Brigadier James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm, were killed leading their troops. (The struggle for a continent)
87.What were the French-speaking Catholic people of Quebec known as?
- AAcadians or Métis
- BHabitants or Canadiens
- CVoyageurs or coureurs des bois
- DLoyalists or Tories
The French-speaking Catholic people of Quebec were known as habitants or Canadiens. (The struggle for a continent)
88.What did Britain rename the colony after the war?
- AUpper Canada
- BBritish North America
- CThe Province of Quebec
- DThe Dominion of Canada
After the war Great Britain renamed the colony the Province of Quebec. (The struggle for a continent)
89.Which 1774 Act was passed to govern the French Roman Catholic majority?
- AThe Royal Proclamation
- BThe Constitutional Act
- CThe Quebec Act
- DThe British North America Act
The British Parliament passed the Quebec Act of 1774 to better govern the French Roman Catholic majority. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
90.What did the Quebec Act allow Roman Catholics to do?
- ATrade freely with France after the conquest
- BEnjoy religious freedom and hold public office
- CElect an assembly of their own in Quebec
- DKeep their own criminal law alongside civil law
The Quebec Act allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
91.Which legal systems did the Quebec Act combine?
- AAmerican common law with British criminal law
- BAboriginal customary law with French civil law
- CFrench civil law with British criminal law
- DBritish civil law with French criminal law
The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
92.Who were the Loyalists?
- APeople loyal to the Crown who fled the American Revolution
- BFrench settlers who remained after 1759
- CEmployees of the Hudson’s Bay Company
- DSupporters of the rebellions of 1837-38
More than 40,000 Loyalists fled the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
93.About how many Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia and Quebec?
- AMore than 8,500
- BMore than 4,000
- CMore than 40,000
- DMore than 400,000
More than 40,000 Loyalists fled the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
94.Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk into Canada?
- ALouis Riel
- BJoseph Brant
- CChief Tecumseh
- DSir Isaac Brock
Joseph Brant led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
95.Which colony for freed slaves did some black Nova Scotians help found in 1792?
- AHalifax, Nova Scotia
- BPort-Royal, Acadia
- CLiberia
- DFreetown, Sierra Leone
In 1792 some black Nova Scotians moved on to establish Freetown, Sierra Leone, a new British colony for freed slaves. (The Quebec Act and the Loyalists)
96.Where was Canada’s first representative assembly elected?
- AQuébec City, capital of New France
- BCharlottetown, on Prince Edward Island
- CToronto, then the town of York
- DHalifax, Nova Scotia
The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758. (The beginnings of democracy and the abolition of slavery)
97.In which year was the first representative assembly elected in Halifax?
- A1758
- B1773
- C1791
- D1867
The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758. (The beginnings of democracy and the abolition of slavery)
98.What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 do?
- AUnited Upper and Lower Canada into one province
- BDivided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada
- CCreated the Dominion of Canada out of four provinces
- DEstablished responsible government in the Canadas
Upper Canada and Lower Canada were carved out of the Province of Quebec by the Constitutional Act of 1791. (The beginnings of democracy and the abolition of slavery)
99.Which was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking?
- ALower Canada
- BAcadia
- CRupert’s Land
- DUpper Canada
Upper Canada was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking. (The beginnings of democracy and the abolition of slavery)
100.Who led Upper Canada as it moved to abolish slavery in 1793?
- AJohn Graves Simcoe
- BRobert Baldwin
- CSir Guy Carleton
- DLord Durham
In 1793 Upper Canada, led by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition of slavery. (The beginnings of democracy and the abolition of slavery)
Common questions
- How many questions are in the Canadian Citizenship Test?
- The real test is 20 multiple-choice questions with 45 minutes to answer them, and you need 15 correct to pass. This page lists 410 practice questions drawn from the same official material, which is far more than any single sitting will ask you.
- Are these the real Canadian Citizenship Test questions?
- No, and nobody has them. No government publishes its live exam questions. These are written from Discover Canada, the official study guide the real questions are drawn from, so the facts being tested are the same even though the wording is ours.
- Do I need an account to read the questions and answers?
- No. Every question, its correct answer and its explanation is on this page with no signup and no payment. An account only matters if you want your progress saved across devices.
- How should I use the question bank?
- Reading answers is the weakest form of revision. Sit a timed test first to find out which chapters you are losing marks on, then come back here and read only those. Recognition feels like knowledge and is not the same thing.