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Australian Citizenship Test study guide

Australian values, explained

Australian values rest on freedom, respect, fairness and equality of opportunity. They matter more than any other part of the citizenship test: the test includes 5 values questions, and you must get every one of them right to pass, whatever your overall score. This page explains each value in plain terms.

The Rule of Law

Australia’s laws apply to everyone in the country, whatever their background or culture, and everyone is protected by them. Under the Rule of Law no person or group is above the law. The guide puts the practical test simply: you follow the law even when nobody is watching.

Parliamentary democracy

Laws are made by parliaments that the people elect, so citizens take part in how the country is run. Voting is compulsory in Australia, which shows how much weight is placed on taking part in elections.

Freedom of speech and freedom of association

People can express their ideas freely, provided they stay within the law, and the media has the same freedom as individuals. Peaceful protest against the government is allowed and is part of democracy — but a protest must not injure anyone or damage property, and promoting violence is never acceptable.

You are free to join or leave any lawful group, and nobody can be forced to join an organisation or to leave one.

Freedom of religion

Australia has no official national religion, and the government treats citizens equally whatever they believe. Religious practice must stay within Australian law, and religious laws have no legal standing: where they differ from Australian law, Australian law applies. Polygamy and forced marriage are both illegal.

Equality under the law

Everyone has equal rights regardless of gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, race, or national or ethnic origin. Men and women have equal rights, including equal access to education and work, and each makes their own choices about personal matters such as marriage and religion. Violence against a spouse or partner is a criminal offence.

A fair go

Australians believe everyone deserves a “fair go”, with no limits set by class. What people achieve should come from their hard work and talent, and jobs should go to the person with the best skills and experience — not on the basis of gender, wealth or ethnicity.

Mutual respect and tolerance

Respecting others means respecting their freedom, dignity, opinions and choices, and listening even when you disagree. Violence of any kind, verbal or physical, is illegal, and racism has no place in Australia — including online and at sporting events.

Mateship, contribution and English

Australians value mateship and helping each other in hard times, and there is a strong tradition of volunteering. Everyone is expected to contribute to the community and, where they can, to support themselves and their families.

English is the national language and a unifying part of Australian society. Applicants whose first language is not English undertake to make reasonable efforts to learn it.

Keeping society safe, and loyalty

If you suspect someone may be planning a serious crime, report it to the authorities as soon as possible; if you know a child is being abused, report it to the police. In the citizenship pledge, new citizens pledge loyalty to Australia and its people.

Test yourself on this

Reading it once is not the same as being able to answer it. The chapter test uses the same format as the real Australian Citizenship Test.

Free to read, always

Questions on this topic

Every question here was checked by hand against Our Common Bond. How we check

  1. 1.What are Australian values based on?

    • ALoyalty, obedience and service to the state
    • BFreedom, respect, fairness and equality of opportunity
    • CReligion, established custom and family heritage
    • DWealth, inherited tradition and social rank

    Australian values are based on freedom, respect, fairness and equality of opportunity. (Australian values and the Rule of Law)

    Think this is wrong? Tell us

  2. 2.Who determines Australia’s laws?

    • AThe High Court of Australia, sitting in Canberra
    • BThe Cabinet alone, without reference to Parliament
    • CThe King of Australia, advised by the Governor-General
    • DParliaments elected by the people

    Australia's laws are determined by parliaments elected by the people. (Parliamentary democracy as a value)

    Think this is wrong? Tell us

  3. 3.What is a limit on freedom of speech in Australia?

    • APeaceful protest requires a permit from the police
    • BCriticising the government is not permitted at all
    • CIt is never acceptable to promote violence against another person or group
    • DNewspapers may not comment on elections or parties

    It is never acceptable to promote violence against another person or group of people. (Freedom of speech and freedom of association as values)

    Think this is wrong? Tell us

  4. 4.What legal status do religious laws have in Australia?

    • AThey override state laws
    • BThey apply to members of that religion
    • CThey have no legal status
    • DThey apply in family matters only

    Religious laws have no legal status in Australia. (Freedom of religion as a value)

    Think this is wrong? Tell us

  5. 5.What does Australian law say about the rights of men and women?

    • AEqual rights apply only to citizens
    • BMen and women have equal rights in Australia
    • CMen have priority in employment disputes
    • DRights differ between states and territories

    Men and women have equal rights in Australia. (Equality of all people under the law)

    Think this is wrong? Tell us

  6. 6.What should a person get a job on the basis of in Australia?

    • ATheir length of residence
    • BTheir gender
    • CTheir skills and experience
    • DTheir wealth and family connections

    A person should get a job based on their skills and experience, not because of their gender, wealth or ethnicity. (Equality of opportunity and a fair go as a value)

    Think this is wrong? Tell us

More Australian Citizenship Test topics, explained

Based on Our Common Bond, © Commonwealth of Australia (Department of Home Affairs), licensed under CC BY 4.0.